Exchange of directives, instructions, views and information in inevitable in business management. As Chester Barnard has stated “the first executive function is to develop and maintain a system of communication.” It is no exaggeration to say that the success of a manager depends as much on his skill in communication, as on his skill in other areas of management.
The world communication comes from Latin word ‘communicus’ which means –to share.
In simple words, “communication means exchanging information among individuals working in any organisation.”
Elliott Jacques described communication as “the sum of total of directly and indirectly, consciously and unconsciously transmitted feeling attitudes and wishes.”
According to the American Society of Training Directors, “communication is the interchange of thoughts or information in order to establish better human relations, mutual understanding or trust.”
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION:
The world communication comes from Latin word ‘communicus’ which means –to share.
In simple words, “communication means exchanging information among individuals working in any organisation.”
Elliott Jacques described communication as “the sum of total of directly and indirectly, consciously and unconsciously transmitted feeling attitudes and wishes.”
According to the American Society of Training Directors, “communication is the interchange of thoughts or information in order to establish better human relations, mutual understanding or trust.”
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION:
Goal oriented Activity: Its aim is not convey or receive information only. Rather its purpose is to realise the basic objectives of the business unit. Communication is indispensable for realisation of objectives.
Transaction & Interaction: Communication is a two way process. It includes the acts of giving and receiving information both. The top officials do not just issue instruction or orders to their subordinates; rather they also receive and try to understand the information that the subordinate supply in turn. That issuing orders, try to know the reactions of the subordinates and whether they have fully understood the orders or not.
Communication is internal to the organisation in the sense that it is confined to only members to the organisation who use it. Advertisement in the newspaper intended for the customers are not included in the concept of communication. However, when a manager asks his accountant to prepare some statement, it is a part of communication.
Perpetual Process: Communication is a perpetual process. The exchange of views and opinions goes on continuously among the employees of a business enterprise. Communication begins as a business is launched and it ends only when the business is wound up.
Administrative Process: Communication is administrative in character. In ordinary life, a letter or an administrative is treated as a means of communication, but in business the word communication refers to administrative or managerial communication only. Through communication, the problem of management is solved.
Human Process: Communication is a kind of human process. It is effected between two human beings. The intercom, telephone and radio are merely physical instrument, which help human beings communicate with one another.
Dynamic: Communication is a huge process. Communication is not a static, it is growing everyday. Many words are installed in the field of communication everyday.
All Pervasive: Communication is an all-pervasive process in the sense that communication can be among the persons in the same level of management or among the persons in different levels of management.
Transaction & Interaction: Communication is a two way process. It includes the acts of giving and receiving information both. The top officials do not just issue instruction or orders to their subordinates; rather they also receive and try to understand the information that the subordinate supply in turn. That issuing orders, try to know the reactions of the subordinates and whether they have fully understood the orders or not.
Communication is internal to the organisation in the sense that it is confined to only members to the organisation who use it. Advertisement in the newspaper intended for the customers are not included in the concept of communication. However, when a manager asks his accountant to prepare some statement, it is a part of communication.
Perpetual Process: Communication is a perpetual process. The exchange of views and opinions goes on continuously among the employees of a business enterprise. Communication begins as a business is launched and it ends only when the business is wound up.
Administrative Process: Communication is administrative in character. In ordinary life, a letter or an administrative is treated as a means of communication, but in business the word communication refers to administrative or managerial communication only. Through communication, the problem of management is solved.
Human Process: Communication is a kind of human process. It is effected between two human beings. The intercom, telephone and radio are merely physical instrument, which help human beings communicate with one another.
Dynamic: Communication is a huge process. Communication is not a static, it is growing everyday. Many words are installed in the field of communication everyday.
All Pervasive: Communication is an all-pervasive process in the sense that communication can be among the persons in the same level of management or among the persons in different levels of management.
Internal communication may again be of two types: formal or official and informal. Formal communication flows along prescribed channels, which all members desirous of communicating with one another are obliged to follow. Formally, a clerk cannot directly communicate with the Managing Director. He must talk to his supervisor, who will pass on the message to the department manager, from where it will go to the Managing Director. Formal communication may move vertically or horizontally. Vertical communication can flow downward or upward. Horizontal communication flows between employees of equal status. In addition to these formal channels of communication, there exists in every organization an informal channel, often called the grapevine, that does not arise out of the organisational needs, but that is, nevertheless, an integral part of its communication system. When a number of people, irrespective of their status, sit down and confer with one another to arrive at a decision acceptable to all, it is called consensus. 
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